Roman Symbols are the numerals used in the system of numerical notation. Roman Symbols came from Rome, where people wanted to use their own numerals to write various numbers. Roman Numerals are the collection of symbols C, D, I, L, M, V, X which are written in a specific order. A subtractive notation in Roman Symbols is found by taking the last character value and subtracting the value of the character that comes just before it.
Also Refer:
- Conversion of Roman Numeration
- Conversion of Numbers to Roman Numerals
- Roman Numeration
- Worksheet on Roman Numerals
What are Roman Numbers?
Roman Numbers are essentially a decimal or base 10 number system instead of place value notation. Roman Numbers are used in a numerical notation based on the ancient Roman system. We cannot use the same symbol more than three times in Roman Numbers.
How to Read Roman Numerals?
C, D, I, L, M, V, X are any symbols of Roman Numerals. ‘I’ can be read as 1, ‘V’ can be read as 5, ‘X’ can be read as 10, ‘C’ can be read as 100, ‘M’ can be read as 1000. If ‘I’ is placed before V then it is 4. If ‘I’ is placed is after ‘V’ then is 6. Similarly, If ‘I’ is placed before ‘X’ then it is read as 9. If ‘I’ is placed after ‘X’ then it is 11. If ‘C’ is placed before ‘X’ then it is read as 90.
Rules to Express Roman Symbols
1. We can use I and X 3 times in a numeral.
2. We never use V, L, D more than one time. We have to use it only once.
3. When we write a smaller symbol to the left of the greater symbol it means that the smaller numeral is subtracted from the greater one.
4. When we write a smaller symbol to the right of the greater symbol it means that the smaller numeral is added from the greater one.
5. We never write V to the left of X. Similarly, L and D are never written to the left to any other symbol.
Roman Numerals Chart
The below table shows the Roman Numerals Chart of Roman Symbols. Follow this Roman Number Chart to convert the Arabic numbers to roman symbols.
Roman Numbers Symbols to Numbers Conversion
To convert from roman symbols to whole numbers we need to split the numbers according to the symbols. For better understanding, we have provided a table that shows the Conversion of Roman Numbers to Arabic Numbers.
| Roman Numeral | Calculation to get the number | Roman Symbol | Calculation to get the number |
| I | 1 | XVII | 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 17 |
| II | 1 + 1 = 2 | XVIII | 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 18 |
| III | 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 | XIX | 10 – 1 + 10 = 19 |
| IV | 5 – 1 = 4 | XX | 10 + 10 = 20 |
| V | 5 | XXX | 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 |
| VI | 5 + 1 = 6 | XL | 50 – 10 = 40 |
| VII | 5 + 1 + 1 = 7 | L | 50 |
| VIII | 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8 | LX | 50 + 10 = 60 |
| IX | 10 – 1 = 9 | LXX | 50 + 10 + 10 = 70 |
| X | 10 | LXXX | 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 80 |
| XI | 10 + 1 = 11 | XC | 100 – 10 = 90 |
| XII | 10 + 1 + 1 = 12 | C | 100 |
| XIII | 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 13 | CC | 100 + 100 = 200 |
| XIV | 10 – 1 + 5 = 14 | CCC | 100 + 100+ 100 = 300 |
| XV | 10 + 5 = 15 | CD | 500 – 100 = 400 |
| XVI | 10 + 5 + 1 = 16 | D | 500 |
Also Refer:
How to Write Date in Roman Symbols?
We can write the date or years in the form of Roman Symbols.
Example: 12-11-2020 now write this date from numbers to Roman Numbers i.e, XII – XI – MMXX.
Let us convert from numbers to Roman Numbers.
2001 – MMI
2002 – MMII
2003 – MMIII
2004 – MMIV
2005 – MMV
2006 – MMVI
2007 – MMVII
2008 – MMVIII
2009 – MMIX
2010 – MMX
2011 – MMXI
2012 – MMXII
2013 – MMXIII
2014 – MMXIV
2015 – MMXV
2016 – MMXVI
2017 – MMXVII
2018 – MMXVIII
2019 – MMXIX
2020 – MMXX
Examples of Roman Symbols
Example: 1
Convert the number 1562 to Roman Number.
Solution:
1560 = 1000 + 500 + 60 + 2
The number 1000 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘M’
The number 500 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘D’
The number 60 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘LX’
The number 2 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘II’
1560 = MDLXII
Example 2:
Convert the following Arabic Numbers to Roman Symbols.
i. 5
ii 17
iii. 28
iv. 1515
v. 2021
Solution:
i. We can write 5 in Roman Number as V.
ii. We can write 17 in Roman Symbol as XVII.
iii. We can write 28 in Roman Numeral as XXVIII.
iv. We can write 1515 in Roman Number as MDXV.
v. We can write 2021 in Roman Number as MMXXI.
Example: 3
Convert the number 2525 to Roman Numeral.
Solution:
2525 = 2000 + 500 + 20 + 5
The number 1000 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘M’
The number 500 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘D’
The number 20 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘XX’
The number 5 can be written in the roman numeral as ‘V’
Thus 2525 = MMDXXV
Example: 4
Convert from MCLV to Arabic Number.
Solution:
M stands for 1000
C stands for 100
L stands for 50
V stands for 5
So, MCLV = 1000 + 100 + 50 + 5 = 1155
FAQs on Roman Symbols
1. How many Roman Symbols are there?
There are 7 Roman Symbols they are C, D, I, L, M, V, X.
2. Is C 100 in Roman numerals?
Yes, C stands for 100 in Roman numbers.
3. Why is there no zero in Roman numerals?
Roman numerals start to count from one and had no symbol to represent 0.