Joint Variation

Joint Variation definition, rules, methods and formulae are here. Check the joint variation problems and solutions to prepare for the exam. Refer to problems of direct and inverse variations and the relationship between the variables. Know the different type of variations like inverse, direct, combined and joint variation. Go through the below sections to check definition, various properties, example problems, value tables, concepts etc.

Joint Variation – Introduction

Joint Variation refers to the scenario where the value of 1 variable depends on 2 or more and other variables that are held constant. For example, if C varies jointly as A and B, then C = ABX for which constant “X”. The joint variation will be useful to represent interactions of multiple variables at one time.

Most of the situations are complicated than the basic inverse or direct variation model. One or the other variables depends on the multiple other variables. Joint Variation is nothing but the variable depending on 2 or more variables quotient or product. To understand clearly with an example, The amount of busing candidates for each of the school trip varies with the no of candidates attending the distance from the school. The variable c (cost) varies jointly with n (number of students) and d (distance).

Joint Variation problems are very easy once you get the perfection of the lingo. These problems involve simple formulae or relationships which involves one variable which is equal to the “one” term which may be linear (with just an “x” axis), a quadratic equation (like “x²) where more than one variable (like “hr²”), and square root (like “\sqrt{4 – r^2\,}4−r2​”) etc.

Functions of 2 or More Variables

It is very uncommon for the output variable to depend on 2 or more inputs. Most of the familiar formulas describe the several variables functions. For suppose, if the rectangle perimeter depends on the length and width. The cylinder volume depends on its height and radius. The travelled distance depends on the time and speed while travelling. The function notation of the formulas can be written as

P = f(l,w) = 2l + 2w where P is the perimeter and is a function of width and length

V = f(r,h) = Πr²h where V is the volume and is a function of radius and height

d = f(r,t) = rt where d is the distance and is a function of time and rate.

Tables of Values

Just for the single variable functions, we use the tables to describe two-variable functions. The heading of the table shows row and column and it shows the value if two input variables and the complete table shows the values of the output variable.

Graphs

You can easily make graphs in three dimensions for two-variable functions. Instead of representing graphs, we represent functions by holding two or one variable constants.

Also, Read:

How to Solve Joint Variation Problems?

Follow the step by step procedure provided below to solve problems involving Joint Variation and arrive at the solution easily. They are along the lines

Step 1: Write the exact equation. The problems of joint variation can be solved using the equation y =kxz. While dealing with the word problems. you should also consider using variables other than x,y and z. Use the variables which are relevant to the problem being solved. Read the problem carefully and determine the changes in the equation of joint variation such as cubes, squares or square roots.

Step 2: With the help of the information in the problem, you have to find the value of k which is called the constant of proportionality and variation.

Step 3: Rewrite the equation starting with 1 substituting the value of k and found in step 2.

Step 4: Use the equation in step 3 and the information in the problem to answer the question. While solving the word problems, remember including the units in the final answer.

Joint Variation Problems with Solutions

Problem 1:

The area of a triangle varies jointly as the base and the height. Area = 12m² when base = 6m and height = 4m. Find base when Area = 36m² and height = 8m?

Solution:

The area of the triangle is represented with A

The base is represented with b

Height is represented with h

As given in the question,

A = 12m² when B = 6m and H = 4m

We know the equation,

A = kbh where k is the constant value

12 = k(6)(4)

12 = k(24)

Divide by 24 on both sides, we get

12/24 = k(24)/24

1/2 = k

The value of k = 1/2

As the equation is

A = kbh

A = 1/2bh

To find the base of the triangle of A = 36m² and H = 8m

A = 1/2bh

36 = 1/2(b)(8)

36 = 4b

Dividing both sides by 4, we get

36/4 = 4b/4

9 = b

The value of base = 9m

Hence, the base of the triangle when A = 36m² and H = 8m is 9m

Problem 2:

Wind resistance varies jointly as an object’s surface velocity and area. If the object travels at 80 miles per hour and has a surface area of 30 square feet which experiences 540 newtons wind resistance. How much fast will the car move with 40 square feet of the surface area in order to experience a wind resistance of 495 newtons?

Solution:

Let w be the wind resistance

Let s be the object’s surface area

Let v be the object velocity

The object’s surface area = 80 newtons

The wind resistance = 540 newtons

The object velocity = 30

We know the equation,

w = ksv where k is the constant

(540) = k (80) (30)

540 = k (2400)

540/2400 = k

9/40 = k

The value of k is 9/40

To find the velocity of the car with s = 40, w = 495 newtons and k = 9/40

Substitute the values in the equation

w = ksv

495 = (9/40) (40) v

495 = 9v

495/9 = v

v = 55 mph

The velocity of a car is 55mph for which the object’s surface area is 40 and wind resistance is 495 newtons

Hence, the final solution is 55mph

Problem 3:

For the given interest, SI (simple interest) varies jointly as principal and time. If 2,500 Rs left in an account for 5 years, then the interest of 625 Rs. How much interest would be earned, if you deposit 7,000 Rs for 9 years?

Solution:

Let i be the interest

Let p be the principal

Let t be the time

The interest is 625 Rs

The principal is 2500

The time is 5 hours

We know the equation,

i = kpt where k is the constant

Substituting the values in the equation,

(625) = k(2500)(5)

625 = k(12,500)

Dividing 12,500 on both the sides

625/12,500 = k (12,500)/12,500

1/20 = k

The value of k = 1/20

To find the interest where the deposit is 7000Rs for 9 years, use the equation

i = kpt

i = (1/20) (7000) (9)

i = (350) (9)

i = 3,150

Therefore, the interest is 3,150 Rs, if you deposit 7,000 Rs for 9 years

Thus, the final solution is Rs. 3,150

Problem 4:

The volume of a pyramid varies jointly as its height and the area of the base. A pyramid with a height of 21 feet and a base with an area of 24 square feet has a volume of 168 cubic feet. Find the volume of a pyramid with a height of 18 feet and a base with an area of 42 square feet?

Solution:

Let v be the volume of a pyramid

Let h be the height of a pyramid

Let a be the area of a pyramid

The volume v = 168 cubic feet

The height h = 21 feet

The area a = 24 square feet

We know the equation,

V = Kha where K is the constant,

Substitute the values in the equation

168 = k(21)(24)

168 = k(504)

Divide 504 on both sides

168/504 = k(504)/504

1/3 = k

The value of k = 1/3

To find the volume of a pyramid with a height of 18 feet and a base with an area of 42 square feet

Therefore,

h = 18 feet

a = 42 square feet

V = kha

V = (1/3) (18) (42)

V = (6) (42)

V = 252 ft³

The volume of the pyramid = 252 ft³ which has a height of 18 feet and a base with an area of 42 square feet

Therefore, the final solution is 252 ft³

Problem 5:

The amount of oil used by a ship travelling at a uniform speed varies jointly with the distance and the square of the speed. If the ship uses 200 barrels of oil in travelling 200 miles at 36 miles per hour, determine how many barrels of oil are used when the ship travels 360 miles at 18 miles per hour?

Solution:

As given in the question,

No of barrels of oil = 200

The distance at which the oil is travelling = 200 miles

The distance at which the ship is travelling = 36 miles per hour

We know the equation,

A = kds² where k is constant

200 = k.200.(36)²

Dividing both sides by 200

200/200 = k.200.(36)²/200

1 = k.(36)²

k = 1/1296

The value of k is 1/1296

To find the no of barrels when the ship travels 360 miles at 18 miles per hour

Substitute the values in the equation

A = kds²

A = 1/1296 * 360 * 18²

A = 90

Therefore, 90 barrels of oil is used when the ship travels 360 miles at 18 miles per hour

Thus, the final solution is 90 barrels

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