Operations on Roman Numerals

Similar to Numbers we perform basic Arithmetic operations on Roman Numerals as well. Basic Arithmetic Operations performed on Roman Numerals are Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division. Lets us see how these operations are performed by considering few examples.

Commonly Used Roman Numerals and their Equivalent Numbers

Symbols I V X L C D M
Numbers 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

Now let’s see how we can write roman numerals from 2-9
II is equivalent to 2
III corresponds to 3
IV is equal to 4
VI represents 6
VII is 7
VIII equals 8
IX is 9

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Basic Operations on Roman Numerals

We have explained all the rules, procedures for adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing roman numerals clearly. Refer to the solved examples provided on the same for getting a complete idea on how do you add, subtract, multiply, divide when roman numerals are involved.

How to Add Roman Numerals? | Rules for Adding Roman Numerals

We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform addition using roman numerals

  • We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
  • Then we have to add Hindu-Arabic numbers
  • Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.

Let’s see few examples on how to add roman numerals

Example 1:

Add CLVII and XXIV?
Solution:

CLVII = C + L + V + I + I
= 100 + 50 + 5 + 1 +1
= 157
XXIV = X + X + IV
= 10 + 10 + 4
= 24.
So now CLVII + XXIV will be 157 + 24
= 181
Roman numeral for 181 is CLXXXI

Example 2:

Add XXXVIII and XXV?
Solution:

CLVII = X + X + X + V + I + I + I
= 30 + 5 + 3
= 38
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25.
So now XXXVIII + XXV will be 38 + 25
= 63
Roman numeral for 63 is LXIII

How to Subtract Roman Numerals? | Rules for Subtracting Roman Numerals

We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform subtraction using roman numerals

  • We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
  • Then we have to subtract Hindu-Arabic numbers.
  • Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.

Let’s see few examples on how to subtract roman numerals

Example 1:

Subtract CMLVI and DLXXII

Solution:

CMLVI = CM + L + V + I
= 900+ 50 + 5 + 1
= 956
DLXXII = D+ L + X + X + I + I
= 500 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1
= 572
So now CMLVI – DLXXII will be 956 – 572
= 384
Roman numeral for 384 is CCCLXXXIV

Example 2:

Subtract LXXXVI and XI?

Solution:

LXXXVI = L + X + X + X + V + I
= 50 + 30 + 5 + 1
= 86
XI = X + I
= 10 + 1
= 11
So now LXXXVI – XI will be 86 – 11
= 75
Roman numeral for 75 is LXXV

Multiplying Roman Numerals | How to Multiply Roman Numerals?

We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform multiplication using roman numerals

  • We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
  • Then we have to multiply Hindu-Arabic numbers.
  • Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.

Example 1:

Multiply CXXV and XXV?

Solution:

CXXV = C + X + X + V
= 100+ 10 + 10 + 5
= 125
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25
So now CXXV * XXV will be 125 * 25
= 3125
Roman numeral for 3125 is MMMCXXV

Example 2:

Multiply CC and VI?

Solution:

CC = C + C
= 100 + 100
= 200
VI = V + I
= 5 + 1
= 6
So now CC * VI will be 200 * 6
= 1200
Roman numeral for 1200 is MCC

Dividing Roman Numerals | How to Divide Roman Numerals?

We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform division using Roman numerals

  • We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
  • Then we have to divide Hindu-Arabic numbers.
  • Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.

Example 1:

Divide CCL and XXV

Solution:

CCL = C + C + L
= 100 + 100 + 50
= 250
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25
So now CCL / XXV will be 125 / 25
= 10
Roman numeral for 10 is X

Example 2:

Divide MMM and L

Solution:

MMM = M + M + M
= 1000 + 1000 + 1000
= 3000
L = 50
So now MMM / L will be 3000 / 50
= 60.
Roman numeral for 60 is LX

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